Why did I get a text message with a Tinder code?
It's a code that tinder sends to the phone number one tries to register his/her tinder account with. It's a numeric code that tinder uses to verify that you're in possession of the phone number you're trying to register and also that you're not a bot.
Why did I get a random verification code?
If you keep getting random verification codes, this means someone is still trying to guess your password. Go to Microsoft's official website, and change your account password. Make sure to use a complex, long, hard-to-guess password.